PhysicsVerse

Reference

Formula Library

The essentials — pinned, glowing, and ready when you need them.

Wave Properties
v = f · λ
Wave speed
metres per second
Wave Properties
T = 1 / f
Period & frequency
seconds per wave
Wave Behavior
θᵢ = θᵣ
Law of reflection
angles measured from the normal
Properties & Detection of Sound
v ≈ 331 + 0.6·T
Speed in air
T in °C, v in m/s
Physics of Music
f_beat = |f₁ − f₂|
Beat frequency
Hz
Open Pipe
fₙ = n·v / (2L)
nth harmonic
L = pipe length
Open Pipe
f₁ = v / (2L)
Fundamental
lowest note
Closed Pipe
fₙ = n·v / (4L)
Odd harmonics
n odd
Closed Pipe
f₁ = v / (4L)
Fundamental
low + warm
Illumination
E = I / d²
Inverse square law
E in lux
The Wave Nature of Light
c = f · λ
Speed of light
c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s