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LESSON 05

Open Pipe

Standing waves in pipes open at both ends.

Frequency1.00×
Amplitude1.00×

An open pipe (like a flute) supports standing waves with antinodes at both ends. All harmonics are possible — that's why flutes sound bright and full.

Boundary conditions

Both ends open → pressure node, displacement antinode at each end.

Harmonics

Frequencies: f_n = n·v / (2L), where n = 1, 2, 3, …

Key Formulas

nth harmonic
fₙ = n·v / (2L)
L = pipe length
Fundamental
f₁ = v / (2L)
lowest note

Real-life applications

  • Flutes, organ pipes
  • Tubular wind chimes

Summary

  • Open pipe: antinodes at both ends.
  • All integer harmonics present.

Check Yourself

Q1.A 0.5 m open pipe with sound speed 340 m/s has fundamental frequency of…